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| All Recommended Texts
In chronological order by date of publication or creation.  | |||
| No. |
Date |
Title |
Online Source |
| 1 | 1865 | Equal Suffrage. Address from the Colored Citizens of Norfolk, Va., to the People of the United States, 1865, excerpts http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/freedom/text5/ equalsuffrage.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 2 | 1865 | George Moses Horton, "Song of Liberty," poem, in Naked Liberty, 1865 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/freedom/text1/horton.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 3 | 1865 /1866 |
Winslow Homer, Untitled [At the Cabin Door], oil on canvas, 1865/66 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/freedom/text1/ homercabindoor.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 4 | 1866 | William E. Mathews, Jr., An Address Delivered in Baltimore on the Occasion of our Semi-Centenary [African Methodist Episopal Church], 1866 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/institutions/text6/mathews.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 5 | 1867 | Edmonia Lewis, Forever Free, marble sculpture, 1867 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/freedom/text1/lewisffree.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 6 | 1867 | Alfred Waud, The First Vote, drawing, Harper's Weekly, 16 November 1867 http://blackhistory.harpweek.com/7Illustrations/Reconstruction/ TheFirstVote.htm |
HarpWeek.com |
| 7 | 1868 | "Report of assaults with intent to murder, committed upon freed people in the division of Albany from January 1st to October 31st 1868," Freedmen's Bureau, 1868 http://www.freedmensbureau.com/georgia/gaoutr8.htm |
Freedmen's Bureau Online |
| 8 | 1869 | Edward Bannister, Newspaper Boy, oil on canvas, 1869 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/institutions/text7/ newspaper.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 9 | 1870s -1910 |
The African American Family: Photographs from the New York Public Library / Schomberg Center for Research in Black Culture http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/institutions/text8/ aafamilies.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 10 | 1874 | "The Benevolent and Charitable Societies of Cincinnati, Ohio," Appendix in Proceedings of the Semi-Centenary Celebration of the African Methodist Episcopal Church of Cincinnati . . . , 1874 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/institutions/text2/ benevolent.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 11 | 1875 | Rev. Alexander Crummell, "The Social Principle among a People and Its Bearing on Their Progress and Development," Thanksgiving Day sermon, 1875, excerpts http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/institutions/text1/ crummell.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 12 | 1876 | Winslow Homer, Visit from the Old Mistress, oil on canvas, 1876 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/freedom/text6/ homervisit.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 13 | 1879 | Thomas Anshutz, The Way They Live, oil on canvas, 1879 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/freedom/text6/anshutz.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 14 | 1880 | Norfleet Browne, Letter to the American Colonization Society from Liberia, 28 January 1880 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/freedom/text7/browne.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 15 | 1880 | Benjamin Singleton, Testimony before the U.S. Senate on the "Negro Exodus from the Southern States," 17 April 1880, selection http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/seven/w67singl.htm |
Public Broadcasting System (PBS) |
| 16 | 1886 | "Race Love," A. M. E. Church Review, editorial, April 1886 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/identity/text3/racelove.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 17 | 1887 | Charles W. Chesnutt, "The Goophered Grapevine," short story, 1887 http://xroads.virginia.edu/~DRBR/goophere.html |
American Studies, University of Virginia |
| 18 | 1890 | Frederick Douglass, "The Race Problem," address, 21 October 1890, excerpts http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/politics/text2/douglass.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 19 | 1890 | Edward Johnson, A School History of the Negro Race in America, textbook, 1890/1911, excerpts http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/identity/text6/history.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 20 | 1893 | Frances Harper, Iola Leroy, or, Shadows Uplifted, novel, 1893, Ch. 26, "Open Questions" http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm97248/@Generic__BookView |
New York Public Library, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture (Digital Schomburg) |
| 21 | 1895 | Rev. Henry McNeal Turner, "The American Negro and His Fatherland," address, 1895 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/identity/text8/turner.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 22 | 1895 | Booker T. Washington, "The Atlanta Exposition Address," 1895 (Ch. 14 in Up from Slavery, 1901) http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/WASHINGTON/ch14.html |
Hypertexts, American Studies, University of Virginia |
| 23 | 1895 | William J. Whipper, Statement to the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, 1895, excerpts http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5469 |
History Matters, from George Mason University and the City University of New York (CUNY) |
| 24 | 1895 | Paul Laurence Dunbar, "The Haunted Oak," poem, 1895 http://www.plethoreum.net/dunbar/gallery/TheHauntedOak.asp |
University of Dayton [Ohio] |
| 25 | 1896 | Paul Laurence Dunbar, four poems in We Wear the Mask, 1896 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/identity/text3/dunbar.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 26 | 1896 | Warren Coleman, Appeal to support a black-operated cotton mill, Daily Concord [N.C.] Standard, 5 July 1896 http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5744 |
History Matters, from George Mason University and the City University of New York (CUNY) |
| 27 | 1896 | U.S. Supreme Court, Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896, majority opinion of Justice Brown, dissent of Justice Harlan, excerpts http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/politics/text3/plessy.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 28 | 1898 | Charles W. Chesnutt, "The Wife of His Youth," short story, 1898 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/identity/text1/ chesnuttyouth.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 29 | 1899 | James Weldon Johnson and John Rosamunde Johnson, "Lift Every Voice and Sing," song, 1899 http://www.cyberhymnal.org/htm/l/i/liftevry.htm |
The CyberHymnal |
| 30 | 1899 | Winslow Homer, The Gulf Stream, oil on canvas, 1899 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/politics/text2/homer.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 31 | 1899- 1900 |
W. E. B. Du Bois, African American photographs assembled for the "American Negro" exhibit at the 1900 Paris International Exposition http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/p?pp/ils:FILREQ(@FIELD (COLLID+anedub))::SortBy=CALL |
Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division |
| 32 | late 1800s |
Images of 19th-century African Americans: political action http://digital.nypl.org/schomburg/images_aa19/politic.cfm?qlaa1107 |
New York Public Library, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture (Digital Schomburg) |
| 33 | late 1800s |
Portrayal of the "Negro banjo player" in 19th century: seven images http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/identity/text4/banjo.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 34 | early 1900s |
Leigh Richmond Miner, photographs of Penn School, St. Helena Island, S.C., early 1900s http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/identity/text8/miner.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 35 | 1900 | Cake walk performed by the Americus Quartet, 1900, two videoclips (1) http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/varstg: @field(NUMBER(0367)) (2) http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/varstg: @field(NUMBER(0377)) |
Library of Congress: American Memory |
| 36 | 1900 | Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins, Contending Forces, novel, 1900, Ch. 8, "The Sewing-Circle" http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm97247/ |
New York Public Library, Schomburg Center for Reseach in Black Culture (Digital Schomburg) |
| 37 | 1900 | "Negro Rule," The [Raleigh, NC] News and Observer, political cartoon, 1900 http://historyproject.ucdavis.edu/imageapp.php?Major=BA &Minor=G&SlideNum=28.00 |
The History Project, University of California, Davis |
| 38 | 1900 | Clara Ann Thompson, "Uncle Rube on the Race Problem," poem, 1900 http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm9723/@Generic__ BookTextView/1367 |
New York Public Library, Schomburg Center for Reseach in Black Culture (Digital Schomburg) |
| 39 | 1900 | Booker T. Washington, Address to the National Negro Business League, 1900 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/1900/filmmore/reference/primary/ bookert.html |
WGBH, Boston; Public Broadcasting System (PBS) |
| 40 | 1900 | Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America," The Arena, January 1900 http://courses.washington.edu/spcmu/speeches/idabwells.htm |
Dept. of Speech Communication, University of Washington |
| 41 | 1901 | Charles W. Chesnutt, The Marrow of Tradition, novel, 1901, Ch. 5, "A Journey Southward," excerpts http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/politics/text3/chesnutt.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 42 | 1901 | "Ohio's Anti-Lynching Law," Cleveland Gazette, 8 June 1901 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/politics/text5/cleveland.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 43 | 1901 | Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery: An Autobiography, 1901, Ch. 1-3, 8 [Ch. 14: Atlanta Exposition Address, see 1895] http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/WasSlav.html |
Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library |
| 44 | 1902 | Frances Benjamin Johnston, photographs of Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, 1902, commissioned by Tuskegee president Booker T. Washington http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/institutions/text4/ johnston.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 45 | 1903 | W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk, essays, 1903, Ch. 1-3 http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/DubSoul.html |
Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library |
| 46 | 1903 | W. E. B. Du Bois, "The Talented Tenth," essay in The Negro Problem, 1903, excerpts http://www.yale.edu/glc/archive/1148.htm |
Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition (Yale Center for International and Area Studies) |
| 47 | 1903 /1904 |
"Our Women's Clubs," Cleveland Journal, 12 September 1903 "Women's Clubs," Cleveland Journal, 6 August 1904 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/institutions/text2/ womensclubs.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 48 | 1904 | Richmond [Virginia] Planet, newspaper coverage of the streetcar boycott, 1904, selections http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/ext/ap/chapter20/ 20.2.planet.html |
Thomson Wadsworth Publishing |
| 49 | 1905 | W. E. B. Du Bois et al., Niagara Movement Declaration of Principles, 1905 http://www.yale.edu/glc/archive/1152.htm |
Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition (Yale Center for International and Area Studies) |
| 50 | ca. 1905 | Alice Dunbar-Nelson, "The Stones of the Village," short story, ca. 1905 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/identity/text5/ dunbarnelson.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 51 | 1907 | Meta Warrick, "Negro Tableaux" for the Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition, 1907 http://www.indiana.edu/~jah/teaching/2003_03/teaching.shtml |
Journal of American History, Indiana University |
| 52 | 1908 | "The Dogwood Tree," postcard, 1908 http://faculty.dwc.edu/cernek/ss340/modernimages/dogwood.html |
Modern Images Directory, Dr. Stephen Cernek, Daniel Webster College, Nashua, NH |
| 53 | 1909 | George Bellows, Both Members of This Club, oil on canvas, 1909 http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pinfo?Object=30683+0+none |
National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC |
| 54 | 1909 | National Negro Committee, Letter from Mrs. English Walling, secretary, inviting participants to a national conference, 6 February 1909 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart6b.html#0609 |
Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, NAACP Collection; in African American Odyssey |
| 55 | 1910 | William Waring Cuney, "My Lord, What a Morning," poem, 1910 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart6.html#0625 |
Library of Congress, African American Odyssey |
| 56 | 1912 | James Weldon Johnson, The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man, novel, 1912 -excerpts on race: http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/identity/text5/johnsonrace.pdf -excerpts on culture: http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/identity/text7/johnsoncult.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 57 | 1913 | James Weldon Johnson, "Fifty Years, 1863-1913: On the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Signing of the Emancipation Proclamation," poem, 1913 http://www.bartleby.com/269/46.html |
Bartleby.com, Great Books Online |
| 58 | 1913 | Booker T. Washington, "Negro Progress in Virginia," address, 7 November 1913 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/forward/text1/washington.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 59 | 1914 | Meta Warrick-Fuller, Ethiopia Awakening, bronze sculpture, 1914 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/forward/text5/ethiopia.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 60 | 1915 | Monroe Trotter, On his meeting with President Wilson, The Crisis, January 1915 http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5719 |
History Matters, from George Mason University and the City University of New York (CUNY) |
| 61 | 1915 | Lincoln Motion Picture Company, Realization of a Negro's Ambition, film poster, 1915 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/forward/text5/ambition.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 62 | 1915 | D. W. Griffith, Birth of a Nation, film, 1915, videoclips http://www.uno.edu/~drcom/Griffith/Birth/R.html |
Dept. of Drama and Communications, University of New Orleans |
| 63 | ca. 1915 | Fenton Johnson, poems, ca. 1915 "Children of the Sun": http://www.bartleby.com/269/61.html "Tired": http://www.bartleby.com/269/63.html |
Bartleby.com, Great Books Online |
| 64 | 1917 | Letters from African American migrants in Philadelphia and Chicago to friends in the South, 1917 [published in The Journal of Negro History, 1919], excerpts http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5339 |
History Matters, from George Mason University and the City University of New York (CUNY) |
| 65 | 1917 | Norfolk [Virginia] Journal and Guide et al., coverage of African American labor organizing, 1917 http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5054 |
History Matters, from George Mason University and the City University of New York (CUNY) |
| 66 | 1917 | The Ohio Federation for Uplift Among Colored People, "Are You With Us?," pamphlet, 1917
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/forward/text7/withus.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 67 | 1919 | Emmett J. Scott, Scott's Official History of the American Negro in the World War, 1919, Ch. 3, 6 http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/comment/Scott/ScottTC.htm#contents |
Richard Hacken, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University; World War I Document Archive |
| 68 | 1924 | Jelly Roll Morton, "Jelly Roll Blues," ca. 1911, as performed in 1924
http://www.redhotjazz.com/jellyroll.html |
The Red Hot Jazz Archive |
| 69 | 1934 | "Long John," traditional African American work song; lyrics and audio clip recorded in 1934 by John and Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5758/ |
History Matters, from George Mason University and the City University of New York (CUNY) |
| 70 | 1936- 1938 |
Narratives of former slaves on the first days of freedom; interviews compiled by the Federal Writers Project, U.S. Works Progress Administration (WPA), 1936-1938 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai2/freedom/text1/ wpanarratives.pdf |
National Humanities Center |
| 71 | ca. 1937 | Henry Blake (former slave), interview on sharecropping, Federal Writers Project, U.S. Works Progress Administration (WPA), ca. 1937, excerpt http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6377/ |
History Matters, from George Mason University and the City University of New York (CUNY) |
| 72 | 1940 | Lucious Curtis, "Times Is Gettin Harder," blues, as performed in 1940
http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5333 |
History Matters, from George Mason University and the City University of New York (CUNY) |
| 73 | 1970 | Eubie Blake, interview with Max Morath on ragtime, 1970, with audioclip http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/95/ |
History Matters, from George Mason University and the City University of New York (CUNY) |
| 74 | 1998- 1999 |
Spirituals performed by the Jubilee Singers of Fisk University, 1998-1990, five audioclips
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/singers/sfeature/songs.html |
WGBH, Boston; Public Broadcasting System (PBS) |
| 75 | 2004 | Laurie Maffly-Kipp, "African American Religion, Pt. II: From the Civil Warto the Great Migration, 1865-1920," in Divining America (TeacherServe© from the National Humanities Center)
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nineteen/nkeyinfo/aarcwgm.htm |
National Humanities Center |
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Toolbox Library: Primary Resources in U.S. History and Literature National Humanities Center Web site comments and questions, contact: lmorgan@nationalhumanitiescenter.org Copyright © 2005 National Humanities Center. All rights reserved. Revised: December 2005 nationalhumanitiescenter.org |