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All Recommended Texts in chronological order by date of event or creation of map/image/object For ease of use, modern capitalization style is used and English translations of non-English texts are given for most publication titles, and ellipses are omitted from the end of shortened titles.
No.	Date	Title	Online Source
1	ca. 1005	Norse account of meeting the Beothuk of "Vinland": Greenlander's Saga of the Flat-Island Book, publ. ca. 1387, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
2	ca. 1450	On the European slave trade in west Africa: Gomes Eannes de Azurara, The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text7/text7read.htm	National Humanities Center
3	1492- 1493	Christopher Columbus, Letter to the Treasurer of Aragon on his first voyage to the western hemisphere https://www.bartleby.com/43/2.html	Harvard Classics/ Bartleby.com
4	1493	On Columbus's first settlement on Hispaniola (Isabella): Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, General History of the Deeds of the Castilians on the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea, publ. 1601-1615, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
5	ca. 1493- 1497	European and Taino artifacts excavated at the site of the Spanish settlement of Isabella on the island of Hispaniola https://www.indiana.edu/~r317doc/dr/old/html/artifact.html	Underwater Science Program, Indiana University
6	1494- 1864	Cultural Readings: Colonization & Print in The Americas, online exhibition of title pages, frontispieces, and illustrations from published narratives https://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/rbm/kislak/index/cultural.html	University of Pennsylvania Library
7	1497	On the voyage of John Cabot to the North American coast: Letter of Lorenzo Pasqualigo and letters (2) of Raimondo di Soncinoto https://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1497cabot-3docs.html	Internet Modern History Sourcebook
8	1498	On the impending Spanish-English rivalry in the Caribbean: Don Pedro de Ayala, Memorandum to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, brief excerpt https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
9	1499	On hunger and rebellion in Hispaniola: Francisco Roldán, Letter to Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
10	1500- 1678	On Indian mortality in northwestern New Spain, 1500-1678: Daniel T. Reff, Disease, Depopulation, and Culture Change in Northwestern New Spain, 1518-1764, 1991, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
11	1501	On the voyage of Gaspar Corte Real to the North American coast: Pietro Pasqualigo, Lisbon, Letter to his brothers in Venice https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
12	1501	On the governance of Hispaniola and the Spanish West Indies: King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, Instructions to Nicolás de Ovando, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
13	1507	Map of the world: Martin Waldseemüller, Universalis cosmographia https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3200.ct000725C	Library of Congress
14	1509	Alexander Barclay, The Ship of Fools, poem five on exploration of the New World, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
15	1510	Council of Castille (Spain), Requerimiento (to be read to Native Americans) https://www.utexas.edu/courses/wilson/contact_2007/requerimiento.html	University of Texas-Austin
16	1511	Map of Spanish America: Pietro Martire d'Anghiera (Peter Martyr), The Spanish Main https://www.usm.maine.edu/~maps/exhibit2/sec1.htm	Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine
17	1511- 1560	On Spanish control of emigration to the New World: José Veitia de Linage, The Rule of Trade to the [West] Indies, publ. 1672, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
18	1516	Thomas More, Utopia, fictional narrative, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
19	1518- 1561	On the treatment of enslaved Indians in the Spanish Caribbean: Accounts of Bernardino de Manzanedo, 1518; Bishop of Santiago, 1544; Bartolomé de las Casas, 1561; brief excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
20	1519	John Rastell, Four Elements, play, excerpts on the necessity of exploring the New World https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
21	1520s- 1540s	Maya account of the Spanish arrival in and conquest of the Yucatan https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
22	1520s- 1580s	Mexica and Tlaxcala accounts of the Spanish arrival in and conquest of Mexico https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
23	1520	On the Spanish conquest of the Mexica (Aztec) and Tlaxclala: Hernan Cortés, Letter to King Charles I of Spain, excerpts https://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1520cortes.html	Internet Modern History Sourcebook
24	1520	Albrecht Dürer, journal entry on viewing Aztec gold in Antwerp https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
25	1524	Giovanni da Verrazzano, Report to King Francis I of France on his expedition along the North American coast, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
26	1528	On the arrival of an English ship in Hispaniola: King Charles I of Spain, Memorandum to the Judges of the Audiencia of Hispaniola, brief excerpt https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
27	1528	Map of newly found lands depicting a northwest passage: Benedetto Bordon, Libro di Benedetto Bordone: nel qual si ragiona de tutte l'isole del mondo https://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/ northwest-passage/bordon.htm	Princeton University Library
28	1529	Illustration of an Aztec juggler performing in Europe, in Christoph Weiditz, Trachtenbuch https://www.smith.edu/vistas/vistas_web/gallery/detail/aztec-juggler_det.htm#	Vistas, Smith College and Fordham University
29	1535- 1536	On Jacques Cartier's second expedition to the St. Lawrence River: Account by unidentified author, perhaps Jehan Poullet, a sailor on the expedition, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
30	1537	On a thwarted revolt by enslaved Africans in New Spain (Mexico): Antonio de Mendoza, Report to King Charles I of Spain, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
31	1539- 1543	On the expedition of Hernando de Soto in Florida and southeast North America: "Fidalgo [gentleman] of Elvas [town in Portugal]," True Relation of the Vicissitudes That Attended the Governor Don Hernando de Soto, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
32	1540	Map of the western hemisphere: Sebastian Münster, Die neuwe islelen (The new islands) https://alabamamaps.ua.edu/historicalmaps/westhem/index.html (map #1)	Dept. of Geography, University of Alabama
33	1541	Francisco Vazquez de Coronado, Letter to King Charles I of Spain on his expedition in southwest North America https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/one/corona9.htm	The West, PBS/WETA
34	1542	On the Spanish treatment of Native Americans: Bartolomé de Las Casas, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text7/text7read.htm	National Humanities Center
35	1544	Map of the world: Petros Apianus, Charte cosmographique https://alabamamaps.ua.edu/historicalmaps/world/before1800.html (map #2)	Dept. of Geography, University of Alabama
36	1550	Map of Mexico City attributed to Alonso de Santa Cruz https://systems-of-representation.uiah.fi/map_of_mexico/	Dr. Lily Díaz, SysRep, Media Lab, University of Art & Design, Helsinki, Finland
37	1554	Tour of Mexico City: Francisco Cervantes de Salazar, Life in the Imperial and Loyal City of Mexico in New Spain, Ch. 2, "Interior of the City of Mexico," excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
38	1556	Map of New France: Giacomo Gastaldi, La Nuova Francia https://digital.library.mcgill.ca/pugsley/maplist.htm	McGill University Library
39	1558- 1589	Letters from Spanish settlers in Mexico City and Puebla to relatives in Spain, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
40	ca. 1560	Pierre de Ronsard, "The Fortunate Isles," poem, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
41	1564- 1565	On the Timucua of southeast North America: selection of annotated engravings by Theodore de Bry based on the drawings of Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues, published in Brief Narration of Those Things which Befell the French in the Province of Florida in America, publ. 1591 https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
42	1565	Map of the southeast region of North America: Theodore de Bry, Floridae Americae Provinciae, publ. 1591, based on the original by Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues hhttps://alabamamaps.ua.edu/historicalmaps/us_states/virginia/index_Before1900.html/a>	Dept. of Geography, University of Alabama
43	1565	French account of the Spanish attack on Fort Caroline: Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues, Brief Narration of Those Things which Befell the French, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
44	1565	Spanish account of the Spanish attack on Fort Caroline: Francisco López de Mendoza Grajales, Memoir of the Happy Result and Prosperous Voyage of the Fleet Commanded by the Illustrious Captain-General Pedro Menendez de Aviles, publ. 1875 https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
45	1568	On English pirates in the Spanish Caribbean: Lazaro de Vallejo Aldrate & Hernando Costilla, Memorandum to King Philip II of Spain, brief excerpt https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
46	1570	On the newly settled Spanish colony of Ajacan (Virginia): Luis de Quirós and Juan Baptista de Segura, Letter to the Royal Treasurer of Cuba https://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/jamestown-browsemod?id=J1037	Virtual Jamestown, University of Virginia et al.
47	1570	Map of the western hemisphere: Abraham Ortelius, Americæ sive novi orbis https://alabamamaps.ua.edu/historicalmaps/westhem/index.html (map #3)	Dept. of Geography, University of Alabama
48	ca. 1570s	Spanish drawings of Indian feather-working in New Spain (Mexico), in Bernard de Sahagún, Florentine Codex https://www.smith.edu/vistas/vistas_web/gallery/detail/florentine_det.htm	Vistas, Smith College & Fordham University
49	1574	Regulation of slaves and free blacks in Havana, Cuba: Municipal Ordinances for the City of Havana and Other Villages of This Island, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text9/text9read.htm	National Humanities Center
50	1577	Michael Lok, Memorandum on Frobisher's expeditions in search of a northwest passage https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
51	1577	On Frobisher's second expedition in search of a northwest passage: Dionyse Settle, A True Report of the Last Voyage into the West and Northwest Regions, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
52	1577	Edward Dodding, Autopsy report on the body of an Inuit man https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
53	1579	On Francis Drake's landing in California and encounters with the coastal Miwok: Account compiled by Drake's nephew from the expedition journal of the ship's chaplain (and others, perhaps), publ. 1628, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
54	1580	On sinking rival ships in the Caribbean: Bernardino de Mendoza, Memorandum to King Philip II of Spain, brief excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
55	1580	On the right of European nations to establish colonies in the western hemisphere: Wiliam Camden, Annals of Affairs in England and Ireland in the Reign of Elizabeth, publ. 1615, brief excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
56	ca. 1581- 1584	Illustration of Spanish priests burning Indian "idols" in New Spain (Mexico): Diego Muñoz Camargo, Description of the City and Province of Tlaxcala https://www.smith.edu/vistas/vistas_web/gallery/detail/book-burning_det.htm#	Vistas, Smith College & Fordham University
57	1583	On the Chamuscado expedition to the southwest of North America: Phelipe de Escalante & Hernando Barrado, Brief and True Account of the Exploration of New Mexico https://www.americanjourneys.org/pdf/aj-006.pdf	American Journeys, Wisconsin Historical Society
58	1583	Dedicatory poems by Francis Drake, Martin Frobisher, et al., in Sir George Packham, A True Report of the Late Discoveries and Possessions . . . of the Newfound Lands . . . Sir Humphrey Gilbert Knight https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
59	1584	Richard Hakluyt, A Particular Discourse Concerning the Great Necessity and Manifold Commodities that Are Like to Grow to this Realm of England by the Western Discoveries Lately Attempted, known as Discourse of Western Planting, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
60	1585	John White, watercolor paintings of the Algonquian Indians (North Carolina), selection, with the later de Bry engravings based on White's watercolors https://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry_html/jamestown.html	Virtual Jamestown, University of Virginia et al.
61	1585	Thomas Harriot, A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia, publ. 1590, excerpts including a selection of de Bry engravings based on White's paintings (#60, above) https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
62	1585	Map of the Roanoke Island region (North Carolina): Theodore de Bry, America pars, Nunc Virginia dicta, publ. 1590, based on the watercolor map by John White https://alabamamaps.ua.edu/historicalmaps/southeast/before1750.html	Dept. of Geography, University of Alabama
63	1586	On the English capture (by Francis Drake) of Santo Domingo on the Spanish island of Hispaniola: Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo, Memorandum to King Philip II of Spain, brief excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
64	ca. 1586	Drawings of flora, fauna, and Indians of the Caribbean, with annotations, perhaps by a French Huguenot sailor with Francis Drake, published as Histoire Naturelle des Indes (The Natural History of the [West] Indies), selection of annotated drawings https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
65	1587	On the injustice of the slave trade: Tomás de Mercado, Practices and Contracts of Merchants, excerpts https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=198	Digital History, Gilder Lehrman Institute for American History
66	1587- 1580	Map of Francis Drake's voyage around the world: Jodocus Hondius, Vera totius expeditionis nauticæ, publ. 1595 https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3201s.ct000130	Library of Congress
67	1588	On the English defeat of the Spanish Armada in the North Sea: Emanuel van Meteran, Belgische ofte Nederlandsche Historie van onzen Tijden, 1599; in Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoveries of the English Nation, 1599; brief excerpt https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
68	1590	On the attempted rescue of the 1587 Roanoke colonists: John White, Fifth Voyage of John White, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
69	1591	On slave trafficking by the English: Job Hortop, The Travailes of an English Man, excerpt https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6625	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
70	1595	Engraving by Theodore de Bry of enslaved Africans working on a sugar plantation in Hispaniola; in Girolamo Benzoni, Americae pars quinta nobilis & admiratione https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text9/text9read.htm	National Humanities Center
71	1595	Polar map depicting a northwest passage: Gerhard Mercator, Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio https://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/ northwest-passage/mercator.htm	Princeton University Library
72	1595	Map of the western hemisphere: Michael Mercator, America sive India nova https://alabamamaps.ua.edu/historicalmaps/westhem/index.html (maps #10, 11)	Dept. of Geography, University of Alabama
73	1597	Map of the polar region depicting a northwest passage: Corneille Wytfliet, Estotilandia et Laboratoris Terra https://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/ northwest-passage/wytfliet.htm	Princeton University Library
74	1598- 1599	On the Oñate expedition to southwest North America: Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá, History of New Mexico, publ. 1610, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/exploration/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
75	1600	Map of North America depicting a northwest passage: Matthias Quad, Novi Orbis Pars Borealis, America Scilicet, Complectens Floridam, Baccalaon, Canadam https://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/ northwest-passage/quad.htm	Princeton University Library
76	1602- 1611	On the decision to abandon or maintain the Spanish settlements of St. Augustine and New Mexico: Selections from the correspondence of the Governor of Florida, the Viceroy of Mexico, and the Council of the Indies to King Philip III of Spain and other officials https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text7/text7read.htm	National Humanities Center
77	ca. 1606	Virginia Company, Instructions by Way of Advice, for the Intended Voyage to Virginia, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
78	1606	Map of Virginia: John Smith, Virginia / discovered and described by Captayn John Smith, 1606, publ. 1624 https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3880.ct000377	Library of Congress
79	1607	On the first months of the Jamestown colony: George Percy, Observations Gathered out of A Discourse of the Plantation of the Southern Colony in Virginia by the English, 1606; publ. 1608 https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
80	1609	Samuel de Champlain, Journal account of a battle with the Iroquois in New France (Canada) https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6594	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
81	ca. 1607	European and Indian artifacts excavated at Jamestown, Virginia https://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/artifacts/jamestown.html	Virtual Jamestown, University of Virginia et al.
82	1609- 1610	On the "starving time" in Jamestown: George Percy, A True Relation of the Proceedings and Occurances of Moment which Have Happened in Virginia, publ. 1624, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
83	1615	On the right of nations to establish colonies in the western hemisphere: William Camden, Annals of Affairs in England and Ireland in the Reign of Elizabeth, brief excerpt https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
84	1616	On hardships in New France (Canada): Index of Relation of New France [Jesuit Relation of 1616], excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
85	1616	On the need to cultivate New France (Canada): Pierre Biard, S.J., Relation of New France, [Jesuit Relation of 1616], excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text7/text7read.htm	National Humanities Center
86	1620- 1621	On the first year of the Plymouth colony: William Bradford, History of Plymouth Plantation, written between 1630 and 1647, excerpts https://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1650bradford.html	Internet Modern History Sourcebook
87	1620s	Artifacts excavated from Plymouth colony (Howland site) https://etext.virginia.edu/users/deetz/Plymouth/material.html	The Plymouth Colony Archive Project, University of Virginia
88	1621- 1704	Wills & testaments (24) of Plymouth colonists https://etext.virginia.edu/users/deetz/Plymouth/wills.html	The Plymouth Colony Archive Project, University of Virginia
89	1623	On indentured servitude in Jamestown: Richard Frethorne, Letter to his father and mother https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6475	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
90	1623	On England's supplanting Spain in the West Indies: Sir Benjamin Rudyerd, Speech in Parliament (House of Commons), brief excerpt https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
91	1624	On the status of the Jamestown colony: John Smith, Answers to Seven Questions Presented by King James's Commission for the Reformation of Virginia, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text7/text7read.htm	National Humanities Center
92	1624	On the hardships of emigrating to New England: Edward Winslow, Good News from New England, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
93	1628	On reasons to found a new colony in New England: John Winthrop, General Observations for the Plantation in New England https://www.winthropsociety.com/doc_reasons.php	The Winthrop Society
94	1630	On the Massachusetts Bay colony: Capt. Roger Clapp, Memoir, written ca. 1680, excerpts https://www.winthropsociety.com/doc_clapp.php	The Winthrop Society
95	1630	On the Spanish missions and settlements of New Mexico: Alonso de Benavides, Memorial to King Philip IV of Spain, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
96	1630s	On the maroons (escaped slaves) in Guatemala: Thomas Gage, The English-American His Travail by Sea and Land: Or, A New Survey of the West India's, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
97	1633	Cecil Calvert, Second Lord Baltimore, Instructions for the founding of the colony of Maryland https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
98	1634	Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) account of the French arrival near Lake Michigan https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
99	1636	On progress in settling New France and advice for emigrants: Paul LeJeune, S.J., Relation of New France (Jesuit Relation of 1636), excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
100	1637- 1638	Fairbanks House, a "growing house," Dedham, Massachusetts https://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/explorers/sitec25.htm	National Park Service
101	1637- 1653	On the Jesuit missions in New France: Jesuit Relations (annual reports), excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
102	1640	General Court of Virginia, Decision regarding a servant uprising https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
103	1648	On the necessity of English colonies in the Caribbean: Thomas Gage, The English-American His Travail by Sea and Land: Or, A New Survey of the West India's, brief excerpt https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
104	1651	The Barbados "Declaration of Independence" from England https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
105	1654	On Indian attacks and rebellion in northwestern New Spain (Mexico): Diego de Medrano, in Nueva Vizcaya, Report to the Mayor of Durango, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text7/text7read.htm	National Humanities Center
106	1654	Oliver Cromwell, Instructions to Gen. Robert Venables on his expedition to the West Indies (Cromwell's "Western Design"), brief excerpt https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
107	1655	Oliver Cromwell, Proclamation promoting migration to Jamaica, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
108	1655	Adriaen van der Donck, "A Dialogue between a Patriot and a New-Netherlander upon the Advantages which the Country Presents to Settlers, &c.," in Description of the New Netherland, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
109	ca. 1655	House of Arthur Allen, known as "Bacon's Castle," a cross-plan house, Surry County, Virginia https://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/explorers/sitec56.htm	National Park Service
110	1657	On sugar production in Barbados: Richard Ligon, A True & Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
111	1657	On slavery in Barbados: Richard Ligon, A True & Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text8/text8read.htm	National Humanities Center
112	1657	Map of Barbados: Richard Ligon, A True & Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes https://www.brynmawr.edu/library/exhibits/maps/ligon.shtml	Bryn Mawr College Library
113	1658	Engraving depicting enslaved Africans working at a sugar mill in the French West Indies, in Charles de Rochefort, Histoire Naturelle et Morale des Îles Antilles de l'Amérique https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text9/text9read.htm	National Humanities Center
114	1660	Stanley-Whitman House, "added lean-to house," Farmington, Connecticut https://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/explorers/sitec11.htm	National Park Service
115	1662	On the need for towns in Virginia: "R.G.," Virginia's Cure: An Advisive Narrative Concerning Virginia, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
116	1662	On the maroons (escaped slaves) of Hispaniola: Francisco, Archbishop-Elect of Santo Domingo, Letter to King Philip IV of Spain https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text9/text9read.htm	National Humanities Center
117	1663	On tobacco production and commerce in Virginia: Sir William Berkeley, A Discourse and Review of Virginia, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
118	1663	On emigration policies for New France: Chrestien Le Clercq, First Establishment of the Faith in New France, publ. 1691, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
119	1664	Map of Canada: Pierre Duval, Le Canada faict par le Sr. de Champlain https://digital.library.mcgill.ca/pugsley/maplist.htm	McGill University Library
120	1666	On tobacco production in Maryland: George Alsop, A Character of the Province of Mary-Land, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
121	1666	On indentured servitude in Maryland: George Alsop, A Character of the Province of Mary-Land, excerpts https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5815	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
122	1666	Map of Maryland: George Alsop, A Character of the Province of Mary-Land https://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/speccol/sc2200/ sc2221/000017/000009/pdf/d005016a.pdf	Maryland State Archives
123	1666	On enticements for settlers in Carolina: Robert Horne, A Brief Description of the Province of Carolina, excerpts https://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/27-hor.html	Bruce Dorsey, Dept. of History, Swarthmore College
124	1668- 1669	Thomas Minor, journal of a Connecticut farmer for one year https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6228	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
125	1670	On the advantages of emigrating to New York: Daniel Denton, A Brief Relation of New-York, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
126	1670	Treaty of Madrid (Godolphin Treaty) between Spain and England, excerpts relating to Caribbean possessions https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
127	1670s	Drawings of flora, fauna and Indians of New France (Canada), with annotations, by Louis Nicolas, S.J., published as Les Raretés des Indes (Unique Aspects of the [West] Indies), selection of annotated drawings https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
128	1671	Map of Charles-Town, 1671 copy by Joseph Samson "from an old plat of Charles Town dated 1671" https://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/charleston_1671.jpg	Perry-Castañeda Map Library, University of Texas
129	1671- 1673	Portraits of John Freake and Sarah Freake, New England https://www.worcesterart.org/Collection/Early_American/Artists/ unidentified_17th/freakbiography/index.html	Worcester Art Museum
130	1672	On restricting emigration to the Spanish colonies in the western hemisphere: Jose Veitia de Linage, The Rule of Trade to the [West] Indies, brief excerpt https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
131	1673	On negotiating a French-Iroquois peace treaty in New France (Canada): Baron de Lahontan, New Voyages to North-America, publ. 1703, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
132	1673	Jacques Marquette, Account of the Mississippi River expedition with Louis Joliet, Introduction, Pts. 4 & 8 https://titan.iwu.edu/~matthews/intro.html	James Matthews, Illinois Wesleyan University
133	1673	Map of the Mississippi River expedition of Marquette & Joliet (Carte de la découverte faite l'an 1673) https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4042m.rb000005	Library of Congress
134	1675	On the Wampanoag grievances against New England colonists before Metacom's (King Philip's) War: John Easton, A Relation of the Indian War, publ. 1676, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text7/text7read.htm	National Humanities Center
135	1675	On the colonists' perspective of Metacom's (King Philip's) War: Increase Mather, A Brief History of the War with the Indians in New-England, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text7/text7read.htm	National Humanities Center
136	1675	On captivity by the Wampanoag during Metacom's War: Mary Rowlandson, A True History of the Captivity & Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, publ. 1682, excerpts https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5793	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
137	1676	On Bacon's Rebellion, the leader's perspective: Nathaniel Bacon, Declaration https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5800	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
138	1676	On Bacon's Rebellion, a planter's perspective: Robert Beverley, A History and Present View of Virginia, publ. 1705, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
139	1676	On the city of Quebec in New France: Jean Enjalran, S.J., Letter in Relation of New France (Jesuit Relation of 1676/1677), excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
140	1676	Town council of Cartago, Costa Rica, Decision concerning the petition of the residents of La Puebla (free blacks, mestizos, et al.), excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text9/text9read.htm	National Humanities Center
141	1679	English-Oneida negotiations in Albany, New York (30-31 October) - Proposition of Col. William Kendall, representative of the Commonwealth of Virginia https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=235 - Reply of the Oneida leaders https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=236	Digital History, Gilder Lehrman Institute for American History
142	1679	On the French notifying the Iroquois of plans to build Fort Niagara: Louis Hennepin, A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America, publ. 1697, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
143	1680	On the Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico: Pedro Naranjo, Queres Indian, responses to interrogation by the Spanish, 1681, excerpts https://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6527/	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
144	ca. 1680	Statement of a Micmac leader to a French missionary in New France (Canada): Chrestien Le Clercq, New Relation of Gaspesia, with the Customs and Religion of the Gaspesian Indians, publ. 1691, excerpts https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5828/	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
145	ca. 1680	On indentured servitude in Virginia: James Revel, The Poor Unhappy Transported Felon's Sorrowful Account of His Fourteen Years Transportation at Virginia in America, poem, publ. 1767 https://www.vcdh.virginia.edu/gos/lit.html	The Geography of Slavery, University of Virginia
146	ca. 1680- 1694	Portraits of Thomas Smith & Maria Catherina Smith, New England https://www.worcesterart.org/Collection/Early_American/Artists/ smith/biography/index.html	Worcester Art Museum
147	ca. 1680s	St. Luke's Church, Isle of Wight County, Virginia https://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/explorers/sitec57.htm	National Park Service
148	ca. 1680s- 1710	Adam Thoroughgood House, a central-hall house, Princess Anne County, Virginia https://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/explorers/sitec55.htm	National Park Service
149	1681	Old Ship Church (Meetinghouse), Hingham, Massachusetts https://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/explorers/sitec26.htm	National Park Service
150	1682	Indenture contract, Maryland https://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/speccol/sc2200/sc2221/ 000019/000013/images/d011675a.gif	Maryland State Archives
151	1682	Thomas Newe, Charles Town, Letters (3) to his father in England https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6384	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
152	1682- 1684	Pennsbury Manor, homestead of William Penn, Pennsylvania https://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/delaware/pen.htm	National Park Service
153	1683	On the Leni-Lenape in Pennsylvania: William Penn A Letter from William Penn . . . to the Committee of the Free Society of Traders, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
154	1683	Parson Capen House, manor house, Topsfield, Massachusetts https://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/explorers/sitec27.htm	National Park Service
155	1683	Homestead of Daniel Frances Pastorius, Germantown, Pennsylvania https://www.brynmawr.edu/iconog/gtn/6013g.htm	Places in Time, Bryn Mawr College
156	1684	On German emigrants to Pennsylvania: Francis Daniel Pastorius, Positive Information from America, Concerning the Country of Pennsylvania, By a German Who has Migrated Thither, excerpts https://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/7439	History Matters, George Mason Univ. & the City Univ. of New York (CUNY)
157	1684	Indenture contract of John Gotcholl/Gatcholl to John Bright for six years, Virginia https://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/sample_indenture.html	Virtual Jamestown, University of Virginia et al.
158	1684	Iroquois leaders, statement to governors of Virginia and New York: Cadwallader Colden, The History of the Five Nations of Canada, publ. 1727, excerpts https://www.ushistoryplace.com/documents/Add_15.html	Longman History Place
159	1684	On the city of Quebec in New France: Baron de Lahontan, New Voyages to North-America, publ. 1703, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
160	1685- 1687	On the La Salle expedition in Tejas (Texas): Henri Joutel, A Journal of the Last Voyage Perform'd by Monsr. de la Sale, to the Gulph of Mexico, to Find Out the Mouth of the Missisipi River, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
161	1685- 1687	On the La Salle expedition in Tejas (Texas): Report of Two Canadian Soldiers [Pierre and Jean-Baptiste Talon] Who Made La Salle's Voyage to the Mississippi, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
162	1685	Code Noir (Black code), Slave code for the French Caribbean islands https://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/335/	Center for Media and New History, George Mason University
163	1685	Map of North America: Jean Baptiste Louis Franquelin, Amerique Septentrionelle https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3300.ct000667 and copy, 1909 or 1910 https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3300.ct000668	Library of Congress
164	1685	On the growth of Philadelphia: Robert Turner, Letter to William Penn, in William Penn, A Further Account of the Province of Pennsylvania, 1685 https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
165	ca. 1685	On the fur trade in New France: Baron de Lahontan, New Voyages to North-America, publ. 1703, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text1/text1read.htm	National Humanities Center
166	1687	Gov. Thomas Dongan, Report to the Committee of Trade (London) on the Province of New York, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
167	1687	Memorandum (Memoir) for the Marquis de Seignelay, French Minister of the Navy, regarding the dangers that threaten Canada and the means to remedy them (author unidentified in archives) https://www.vlib.us/amdocs/texts/seignelay.html	AmDocs: Documents for the Study of American History (Kansas Heritage Group & www.Virtual Library)
168	1687	On French-Karankawa relations on the gulf coast of Tejas (Texas): Report of Two Canadian Soldiers [Talon brothers] Who Made La Salle's Voyage to the Mississippi, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text6/text6read.htm	National Humanities Center
169	1688	Anti-slavery petition of Germantown, Pennsylvania (Mennonites and Quakers) https://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/amerdoc/men01.htm	Avalon Project, Yale University Law School
170	1689	Cotton Mather et al., The Boston Declaration of Grievances https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
171	1690	On the Spanish search for the French in Tejas (Texas): Alonso de León, Diary, Itinerary, and Description of the Expedition of 1690 to Tejas, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
172	1690	On the Spanish search for the French in Tejas (Texas:) Miguel Font Cuberta, Letter to his custodio in New Spain [Mexico], excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text2/text2read.htm	National Humanities Center
173	1690	French account of the French-English rivalry in the northeast and the Schenectady massacre of 1690: P. F. X. de Charlevoix, S.J., History and General Desription of New France, publ. 1744, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
174	1690	English account of the French-English rivalry in the northeast and the Schenectady massacre of 1690: William Smith, Jr., The History of the Province of New York, publ. 1757, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
175	1690	Publick Occurrences (Boston), first and only edition of the newspaper, and subsequent ban by the governor https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
176	1690	Robert Morden, A New Map of the English Plantations in America both Continent and Islands https://alabamamaps.ua.edu/historicalmaps/middle_america/ caribbean/caribbean.html	Dept. of Geography, University of Alabama
177	1692	"A Brief, but most True relation of the late Barbarous and Bloody Plot of the Negro's in the Island of Barbados," broadside https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text8/text8read.htm	National Humanities Center
178	1692	Richard Frame, "A Short Description of Pennsilvania," poem, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
179	1693	Philipse Manor Hall, Yonkers, New York https://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/explorers/sitec48.htm	National Park Service
180	1697	Portrait of William Fitzhugh, Virginia https://www.vahistorical.org/dynasties/williamfitzhugh.htm	Virginia Historical Society
181	ca. 1700	Portrait of Rebecca Bonum Eskridge https://www.vahistorical.org/sva2003/eskridge.htm	Virginia Historical Society
182	1701	Map of the Gulf of Mexico indicating the discoveries by La Salle and d'Iberville: Nicolas de Fer, Les costes aux environs de la rivière de Misisipi https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4042m.ct001034	Library of Congress
183	1702	On the history and status of New England: Cotton Mather, "Venisti Tandem? or, Discoveries of America, tending to, and ending in, Discoveries of New-England," in Magnalia Christi Americana; or, The Ecclesiastical History of New-England, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/permanence/text3/text3read.htm	National Humanities Center
184	1703	Map of New France: Carte d'un très grand pais (Map of a very large country), in Louis Hennepin, A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America https://www.libs.uga.edu/darchive/hargrett/maps/1704h4.jpg	Hargrett Rare Book & Manuscript Library, University of Georgia
185	1705	Robert Beverley, "Of the Servants and Slaves in Virginia," The History and Present State of Virginia, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text8/text8read.htm	National Humanities Center
186	1705	Virginia House of Burgesses, An Act concerning Servants and Slaves, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/power/text8/text8read.htm	National Humanities Center
187	1720	Herman Moll, A new map of the north parts of America https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3300.ct000677	Library of Congress
188	1741	On the encounter of Russian explorers and the Alutiiq Indians, Kodiak Island (Alaska): Georg Wilhelm Steller, Second Kamchatka Expedition undertaken upon His Imperial Majesty's Command, publ. 1743, excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text5/text5read.htm	National Humanities Center
189	1743	Map of West Africa: Homan Hereditors, Guinea propia, nec non Nigritiae vel Terrae Nigrorum maxima pars https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?data=/tst/ammem/htdocs/ aaohtml/wafrica.sid&style=aao&title=Map+of+West+Africa	Library of Congress
190	1765	Map of the Caribbean and bordering lands: Pedro Espinosa, Descripcion de las . . . Indias Occidentales https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4391p.ar169400	Library of Congress
191	1769	Map of northern Mexico and present-day southwest United States: José de Urrutia, Mapa, que comprende la Frontera, de los Dominios del Rey, en la America Septentrional https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4410.ct000539	Library of Congress
192	1775	Map of the Far East and Russian America: The Russian Discoveries from the Map Published by the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g7321s.mf000006	Library of Congress
193	1786	Instructions from Grigorii Shelikhov to Konstantin Samoilov for governing the Russian settlement at Kodiak Island (Alaska), excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center
194	1794	Instructions from Ivan Pil, governor of Siberia, to Grigorii Shelikhov, on the Russian settlement on Kodiak Island (Alaska), excerpts https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text4/text4read.htm	National Humanities Center

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