contact us | site guide | search  TOOLBOX HOME SEGREGATION 1. Segregation–Separation 2. Lynching & Segregation 3. Antilynching Dramas 4. Life Under Segregation 5. The Black Psyche 6. Passing 7. Desegregation–Integration 8. Separation & Power 9. Ambiguity of Integration SEGREGATION Framing Questions   •  What constitutes segregation?   •  How did African Americans experience it?   •  What is the difference between segregation and separation?   •  What are the consequences of segregation? Separation?   1.  Segregation–Separation» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions - William Pickens, "Racial Segregation," essay, Opportunity, December 1927 - Marcus Garvey, "Aims and Objectives of the Movement for a Solution of the Negro Problem," 1923 - David Van Leeuwen, "Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association," in Divining America: Religion in American History on TeacherServe® from the National Humanities Center 2.  Lynching and Segregation» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions - Jessie P. Guzman & W. Hardin Hughes, "Lynching-Crime," article, Negro Year Book: A Review of Events Affecting Negro Life, 1944-1946, 1947 - Walter White, "I Investigate Lynchings," article, American Mercury, January 1929 3.  Antilynching Dramas» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions - Georgia Douglas Johnson, Sunday Morning in the South, one-act play, ca. 1925 - Georgia Douglas Johnson, Blue-Eyed Black Boy, one-act play, ca. 1930 4.  Life Under Segregation» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions - A Negro Nurse, "More Slavery at the South," essay, Independent, 25 January 1912 - Richard Wright, "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: An Autobiographical Sketch," essay, Federal Writers' Project, 1937 - Robert Gwathmey, Poll Tax Country, oil on canvas, 1945 5.  The Black Psyche» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions - Elizabeth Catlett, The Negro Woman, linoleum cut series, 1946-1947, four images 6.  Passing» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions - Nella Larsen, Passing, novel, 1929, Ch. 3, excerpts 7.  Desegregation—Integration» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions - James Farmer, "Integration or Desegregation," Ch. 5 of Freedom—When?, 1965, excerpt 8.  Separation and Power» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions - Stokely Carmichael, "Toward Black Liberation," essay, The Massachusetts Review, Autumn 1966 9.  The Ambiguity of Integration» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions - Norman Rockwell, The Problem We All Live With, oil on canvas, 1964 - Ruby Bridges integrating Frantz Elementary School, New Orleans, escorted by federal marshals, photograph, 1960 Image: "Colored waiting room," sign at Greyhound bus station, Rome, Georgia, September 1943. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. SEGREGATION 1. Segregation–Separation   2. Lynching & Segregation   3. Antilynching Dramas 4. Life Under Segregation   5. The Black Psyche   6. Passing   7. De-segregation–Integration   8. Separation & Power   9. Ambiguity of Integration TOOLBOX: The Making of African American Identity: Volume III, 1917-1968 Segregation | Migrations | Protest | Community | Overcome? Contact Us | Site Guide | Search Toolbox Library: Primary Resources in U.S. History and Literature National Humanities Center Web site comments and questions, contact: nhc_ed@nationalhumanitiescenter.org Copyright © National Humanities Center. All rights reserved. Revised: August 2007 nationalhumanitiescenter.org