NHC Home TeacherServe Nature Transformed The Use of the Land Essay:

The American Civil War: An Environmental View
Jack Temple Kirby, Miami University
©National Humanities Center


Illustration Credits
Description Repository/ID Information
1963 Civil War Centennial stamp U.S. Postal Service
Classroom, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 6/1972 National Archives   NWDNS-412-DA-1402
Atomic blast, Hiroshima, 1945 National Archives   NWDNS-342-AF-58189
Street in camp National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-241
U.S. Army, War Department
Mathew Brady Studio
Pennsylvania, Gettysburg Battlefield, Field where General Reynolds fell. 1863. National Archives   NWDNS-165-SB-37
War Department
Timothy H. O'Sullivan, photographer
Casualty List of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment from the Assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina, 7/18/1863 National Archives   NWCTB-94-PI17E57-FTWAGNER
Department of War
Dead mule on battlefield, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863 Library of Congress LC-USZC4-1829
Tessa Pullan, "The War Horse," bronze statue, 1997, on the grounds of the Virginia Historical Society headquarters, Richmond Virginia Historical Society
Ruins in Charleston, S.C. National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-744
U.S. Army, War Department
Ruins of Northwestern depot, Charleston, 1865 National Archives   NWDNS-165-C-780
War Department
Georgia, Atlanta, Confederate Works Northside National Archives   NWDNS-165-SC-43
War Department
George N. Barnard, photographer.
South Carolina National Archives, Columbia, view from the State Capitol National Archives   NWDNS-165-SC-53
War Department
George N. Barnard, photographer.
Ruins of Richmond, VA., 1865. [lamppost at right] National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-465
Ruins of Richmond, Va. National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-6157
U.S. Army, War Department
Mathew Brady Studio
Ruins of Richmond, Va., 1865. National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-466
Ruins of Galligo Mills, Richmond, Va., 1865. National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-112
Ruins of a house National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-686
U.S. Army, War Department
Mathew Brady Studio
Confederate breastworks in front of Petersburg, Va., 1865 [left photo] National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-146
U.S. Army, War Department
Mathew Brady Studio
Inside Confederate lines, Petersburg, Va. [middle photo] National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-333
Fort and breastworks, Centreville lines, 1865 National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-382
U.S. Army, War Department
Mathew Brady Studio
Georgia, New Hope Church, Hell Hole, Battlefield of [left] National Archives   NWDNS-165-SC-27
War Department
George N. Barnard, photographer.
Georgia, New Hope Church, Battlefield of [right] National Archives   NWDNS-165-SC-26
War Department
George N. Barnard, photographer
Signal tower, Elk Mountain, Maryland National Archives   NWDNS-165-SB-22
Timothy O'Sullivan, photographer
Camp scene, showing company kitchen National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-252
U.S. Army, War Department
Mathew Brady Studio
Federal engineers bridging the Tennessee River at Chattanooga, 3/1864 National Archives   NWDNS-77-F-147-2-6
Confederate Trenches Fascine Trench Breastworks, Petersburg, Va. National Archives   NWDNS-111-B-372
U.S. Army, War Department
Mathew Brady Studio
Gettysburg battlefield.
Illus. in: Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 24 June 1882
Library of Congress   LC-USZ62-115355
Cotton Fields at Swiftwater [Mississippi?], between 1885 and 1898 Library of Congress   LC-USZ62-93669
Loblolly pine pulpwood, stand that has come in on farm land abandoned in King and Queen County, Virginia, 1939(?) The Library of Virginia   Virginia New York World's Fair Commission C1:1/08/07/010
Pine region from Eggleston's, West Virginia, 1892? Library of Congress   LC-D43-T01-1853-L and 1853R
Commissioned by West Virginia and Pittsburgh Railroad
Oklahoma City, Indian Terr., in 1889 showing U.S. Government dwellings, water tank, railroad station, hotel, post office and store, stage stables, tents of 13th Infantry detachment guarding lumber and an uncompleted cemetery National Archives   NWDNS-111-SC-87337
Panorama #2 of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1910 Library of Congress
LC-USZ62-95054/95055/95056
Panoramic view of Bear Mountain and the Lehigh Valley from Prospect Rock at Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, 1879 Library of Congress
PAN US GEOG-Pennsylvania, no. 67
Charles F. Schneur
George Perkins Marsh, ca. 1850 Library of Congress   LC-USZ62-109923
Mathew Brady Studio
John Muir, 1909 Library of Congress   LC-USZ62-107697
Frederick Law Olmsted, illustration in The Century illustrated monthly magazine, Oct. 1893 Library of Congress   LC-USZ62-36895
Union soldiers taking rail fences, North Carolina, 1862 North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Tennessee (?) cotton field, 1907 [Title on photo: King Cotton / "Cirkut" Photo, Copyright 1907. / J. C. Coovert, 63 N. Main, Memphis] Library of Congress   LC-USZ62-51248
Virginia wheat field, June 1936 Library of Congress
LC-USF34-009256-E
Dorothea Lange, photographer
Massaponax Church, Va. "Council of War": Gen. Ulysses S. Grant examining a map held by Gen. George G. Meade. May 21, 1864 Library of Congress   LC-B8171-0730
Timothy H. O'Sullivan, photographer
Sketch notes of Confederate topographical engineer Jedediah Hotchkiss, 1864 Library of Congress
Passages of the Rappahannock and Battle of Fredericksburg, December 10th to 16th, 1862 National Archives   NWDNC-77-CWMF-G117
War Dept. Office of the Chief of Engineers
Plan of the Battle Field at Pleasant Mills  
Panorama of second day's battle, Gettysburg Library of Congress   LC-USZ62-40261
Devil's Den, Gettysburg, 1903 Library of Congress   LC-D4-16600
Dead Confederate soldiers in the "slaughter pen" at the foot of Little Round Top, Gettysburg, July 1863 Library of Congress   LC-B8171-0265
Alexander Gardner, photographer

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