NHC Home TeacherServe Nature Transformed Native Americans Essay:

The Columbian Exchange: Plants, Animals, and Disease between the Old and New Worlds Alfred W. Crosby, Professor Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin ©National Humanities Center Illustration Credits
Description	Repository/ID Information
Jaguar in a Rainforest	Digital Imagery © 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc. Photographers: Alan and Sandy Carey
Leopard	Digital Imagery © 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc. Photographer: James Gritz
Jodocus Hondius, "Designatio Orbis Christiani," 1607, place of origin unknown.	Yale University Library Map Collection
"America," mapmaker unknown, 1586. Relief shown pictorially. "American anno Dm 1492 a Christophoro Columbo nomine Regis Castellae primum detecta." Includes inset portraits of Christopher Columbus and Queen Isabella, and a tableau featuring a ship, flying fish, explorers and natives in costume.	Reed College Library Special Collections
Tapir	Digital Imagery © 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc. Photographers: Albert J. Copley
Elephant	Digital Imagery © 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc. Photographer: Jeremy Woodhouse
Rattlesnake	Digital Imagery © 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc. Photographer: Adalberto Rios Szalay/SextcSol
Camel	Digital Imagery © 2001 PhotoDisc, Inc. Photographer: Sami Sarkis
Plants cultivated by Native American farmers and unknown to Europeans before Columbus. Classe XXI. Monoecia syngenesia; by C. G. Giesslev, after engraving by Johann Gessner, Tabulae Phytographicae, Vol. II. Zurich, 1804.	Rare Books and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress LC-USZC4-5362
"Ananas cosmosus" [pineapple], in Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, La historia general de las Indias, Book 8. Seville, 1535.	Rare Books and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress LC-USZC4-5349
"Lactuca capitata. Cabbage Lettuce," in John Gerard, The herball, or the Generall historie of plantes. London, 1633.	Schoenberg Center for Electronic Text and Image, University of Pennsylvania Library
"Allocamelus" [llama], in Edward Topsell, The History of Four-Footed Beasts and Serpents and Insects. London, 1607, 1658.	Da Capo Press?
Horse, in Carol Ruini, Dell'anotomia et dell'infirmità del cavallo. Bologna, 1598.	Rare Books and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress LC-USZC4-5305
Theodor de Bry, "The Towne of Secota," after a drawing by John White, in Thomas Hariot, A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia. Frankfurt, 1590.	Rare Books and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress LC-USZC4-5267
[Cheerios]	PictureQuest
"Epidemic of smallpox in Mexico," in Bernardino de Sahagún, Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España [General History of the Things of New Spain, known as the Florentine Codex], Vol. 4, Book 12; c. 1575-80.	James Lockhart, ed., tr. We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico. University of California Press, 1993, p. 185.
Dead Africanized honey bees, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 2000.	Steve Marcus / Las Vegas Sun.
Zebra mussels attached to a single threehorn wartyback mussel, Illinois River, 1993	Illinois Natural History Survey
Soldiers on horseback, fig. 41 of image series captioned "The Spaniards enter Mexico," in Bernardino de Sahagún, Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España [General History of the Things of New Spain, known as the Florentine Codex], Vol. 4, Book 12; c. 1575-80.	James Lockhart, ed., tr. We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico. University of California Press, 1993, p. 3.
Jaune Quick-To-See Smith, "The Red Mean: Self Portrait," 1992; part of the artist's series "The Quincentenary Non-Celebration."	Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, Massachusetts; purchased, Janet W. Ketcham Fund, 1993. Courtesy Bernice Steinbaum Gallery, Miami, Florida.

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