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Freedom's Story Essays 1609-1865 The Varieties of Slave Labor How Slavery Affected African American Families Slave Resistance The Demise of Slavery Rooted in Africa, Raised in America Beyond the Written Document: Looking for Africa in African American Culture How to Read a Slave Narrative Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs 1865-1917 Reconstruction and the Formerly Enslaved "Somewhere" in the Nadir of African American History, 1890-1920 Racial Uplift Ideology in the Era of "The Negro Problem" Pigmentocracy Segregation The Trickster in African American Literature 1917 and Beyond African American Protest Poetry The New Negro and the Black Image: From Booker T. Washington to Alain Locke The Image of Africa in the Literature of the Harlem Renaissance Jazz and the African American Literature Tradition The Civil Rights Movement: 1919-1960s The Civil Rights Movement: 1968-2008 Freedom’s Story is made possible by a grant from the Wachovia Foundation. Freedom’s Story Advisors and Staff

		Pigmentocracy Illustration Credits W. E. B. Du Bois, Half-Length Portrait, facing left. Created between 1920 and 1930. Visual Materials from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Records, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. Control # 99471548 Reproduction Number: LC- USZ62-123822 Repository: Library of Congress Booker T. Washington, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing slightly left, holding newspaper. Created between 1890 and 1900. Booker T. Washington Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. Control # 98500584 Reproduction Number: LC- USZ62-119897 Repository: Library of Congress Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback, 1837-1921, half-length, seated, facing left. Governor of Louisiana. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. Digital Id: cph 3b05341 Reproduction Number: LC- USZ62-57521 Repository: Library of Congress Jean Toomer. Undated photograph. Portrait courtesy of the Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Image ID#: 1027165 Repository: Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library Charles W. Chesnutt, 40 years old (1897/1898). Photographs of Charles W. Chesnutt and his family, gift of Helen Chesnutt, 1970. Special Collections, Cleveland Public Library. Call #: Sp Coll f 813.49 C42z23 Chesnutt06 Repository: Special Collections, Cleveland Public Library Nadinola Bleaching Cream, advertisement, Ebony magazine, vol. V, no. 1, November 1949, p. 26. Permission pending. Black and White Bleaching Cream, advertisement, Ebony magazine, vol. V, no. 1, November 1949, p. 31. Permission pending. Beauty Star Skin Lightener, advertisement, Ebony magazine, vol. V, no. 1, November 1949, p. 36. Permission pending. » Return to essay

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