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NHC Home  TeacherServe Nature Transformed Native Americans Essay-Related Links |
19th-century American writings on the buffalo among the facsimile publications from Making of America, a digital library of primary sources in 19th- and early 20th-century American social history [Cornell home page: http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/moa; University of Michigan home page: http://moa.umdl.umich.edu]. Listed here in chronological order. "Scenes in the West; or, A Night on the Santa Fe Trail, Pt. III," by Philip St. George Cooke, Southern Literary Messenger, February 1842, pp. 145-149.Many other publications with reference to buffalo herds and hunting may be found in the Making of America collections through a site search. "Slaughtered for the Hide," Harper's Weekly, 1874. http://thewest.harpweek.com/Sections/buffalo/SlaughteredForHide1005.htm Text of brief article on buffalo hide hunters in December 12, 1874 issue of Harper's Weekly (p. 1022); in the section "The American West" on HarpWeek.com. "The Extermination of the American Buffalo," 1889. The influential 1889 report of William Hornaday, Superintendent of the National Zoological Park, written as part of the Smithsonian Institution annual report, 1886/1887. On the Library of Congress American Memory website. Excerpts http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/timeline/riseind/west/bison.html Entire report http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/consrv:@field(DOCID+@lit(VR02)) summary from Library of Congress http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgibin/query/r?ammem/consrvbib:@field(NUMBER+@band (amrvr+VR02)): Excerpt from The Buffalo Harvest, by Frank H. Mayer with Charles B. Rothon, 1958. http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/wpages/wpgs650/buffalo.htm Account of buffalo hunting in the 1870s by one of the "last great buffalo hunters"; presented on the site accompanying the PBS series The West. American Buffalo: Spirit of a Nation http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/buffalo/index.html Website accompanying the 1998 PBS Nature segment of the same name. Includes an overview of the near extinction of the American bison and of current efforts to restore buffalo herd numbers and habitats. Teacher's guide, children's activities, and a page of valuable online and print resources at http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/buffalo/resc.html. The American Bison http://www.lewis-clark.org/bison A collection of primary sources and lectures on the American bison in the 19th and 20th centuries from the site Rediscovering Lewis and Clark (which would benefit from a site map and the addition of home page explanations). Among the subsections are --"Bison in Decline" [http://www.lewis-clark.org/bison/bison_bison.htm] which presents nine interviews (video clips with full text of each) with Dan Flores, professor of Western history at the University of Montana-Missoula. Buffalo and Native Americans in North America http://www.nwf.org/nwf/buffalo/bisback.html A brief, clear overview from the National Wildlife Federation. A Critical Bibliography on North American Indians for K-12: Plains Indians http://nmnhwww.si.edu/anthro/outreach/Indbibl/bibplain.html Bibliography of over 200 books divided by tribal group, and further by fiction and non-fiction titles. A search on the term "buffalo" will identify numerous sources on the buffalo's significance in Plains Indians' beliefs and ritual. The site includes a general bibliography and nine other region-based bibliographies (introduction page at http://nmnhwww.si.edu/anthro/outreach/Indbibl/bibintro.html). From the Smithsonian Institution Anthropology Outreach Office. Native American Spirituality http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/naspirit.html Searching through this site for "buffalo" will give one an introduction to the role of the buffalo in Native American beliefs and ritual; one should first, however, skim the entire page, for it presents a solid scholarly overview of Native American religion. From the Religious Movements Homepage at the University of Virginia. Buffalo Hunting in the Alberta [Canada] Plains http://www.pma.edmonton.ab.ca/human/archaeo/aspects/buffalo.htm Brief illustrated history from the Provincial Museum of Alberta. Native American Uses of the Bison http://www.museum.state.il.us/mic_home/schools95/hamilton/project/research_topic.html A listing of buffalo parts and the clothing, tools, food, ritual items, etc. produced from each, often linked to images of sample items in the collection of the Illinois State Museum; done as an elementary class project in the Museum in the Classroom program of the Illinois State Museum and the Brookfield Zoo. "The Symbolic Role of Animals in the Plains Indian Sun Dance" http://www.psyeta.org/sa/sa1.1/lawrence.html Scholarly paper which discusses the buffalo as a ritual symbol in the Sun Dance. By Elizabeth Atwood Lawrence (Professor Emerita, Center for Animals and Public Policy, Department of Environmental and Population Health, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine) in Society & Animals: Social Scientific Studies of the Human Experience of Other Animals, Winter 1993 (Vol. I, No. 1). Buffalo Jumps Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, near Alberta, Canada. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, from the PBS site The West --Brief biography "Historians revisit slaughter on the Plains," The New York Times, Nov. 16, 1999. http://www.nytimes.com/learning/students/pop/111699sci-animal-buffalo.html A summary of the current re-examination by historians of the eradication of the buffalo in the American West, focusing on the roles of Native American hunters and white hide hunters. George Catlin (1796-1872): Paintings of Native Americans George Catlin collection in the National Gallery of Art Bison http://www.nps.gov/wica/bison.htm Basic information on the bison, the animal, with photos and a brief audio clip of a buffalo call. On the National Park Service/Wind Cave National Park website. Bison Resources from the Yellowstone National Park website Bison http://www.nps.gov/yell/nature/animals/bison/bison.html Yellowstone's Buffalo Herd: "The song doesn't say 'give me a home where we shoot buffalo that roam.'" http://www.nrdc.org/wildlife/animals/nbison.asp Position of the Natural Resources Defense Council (in late 1998) on the bison management policies of Yellowstone National Park, especially the legal shooting of bison that wander beyond the park boundaries. Yellowstone Wildlife: Bison http://www.yellowstone.net/wildlife/bison.htm A 40-second video clip of bison in Yellowstone National Park, preceding a position statement on the bison management policies of the park. From the commercial site yellowstone.net. Bison Studies Bibliography http://www.montana.edu/~wwwcbs/books.html A bibliography of 43 titles from the Center for Bison Studies of Montana State University - Bozeman.  Return to "Native Americans and the Land" Links to Online Resources Return to the essay, Buffalo Tales
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