To the Home Page of the National Humanities Center Web Site National Humanities Center Toolbox Library: Primary Resources in U.S. History and Literature contact us | site guide | search 
Toolbox LibraryTrainingMaking the Revolution: America, 1763-1791
Making the Revolution: America, 1763-1791
Theme: Crisis Theme: Rebellion Theme: War Theme: Independence Theme: Constitution
Theme - Constitution: 1780-1791


CONSTITUTION


Framing Questions
  • How did Americans' concept of self-governance change from 1776 to 1789? Why?
  • How did their emerging national identity affect this process?
  • What divisions of political ideology coalesced in this process?
  • How did the process lead to the final Constitution and Bill of Rights?
  • How do the Constitution and the Bill of Rights reflect the ideals of the American Revolution?


1.  Abandoning the Articles» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Founders on the defects of the Articles of Confederation, correspondence selections, 1780-1787
- James Madison, "Vices of the Political System of the United States," memorandum, 1787

2.  Creating a New Constitution» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- On creating the U.S. Constitution: commentary by delegates and observers, 1787
- The United States Constitution, 1787

3.  Promoting the Constitution» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Francis Hopkinson, "The New Roof," allegory and poem, 1787, 1788
- Federal Committee of Albany, New York, The 35 Anti-Federal Objections Refuted, pamphlet, 1788, selections

4.  Opposing the Constitution» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Anti-Federalist letters to newspapers on the proposed Constitution, 1787-1788
- Anti-Federalist essays of "Philadelphiensis," 1787-1788, selections
- Appeals for calm in the ratification debates, 1787-1788

5.  Adding a Bill of Rights» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- On adding a bill of rights to the Constitution: commentary from letters, addresses, and newspapers, 1787-1789
- The Bill of Rights, 1789
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (France), 1789

6.  Inaugurating a Government» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- On establishing a new federal government: commentary from letters and news accounts, 1788-1795
- On the inauguration of George Washington, 30 April 1789: selections from David Ramsay, The History of the American Revolution, 1789

7.  Portraying the Founders» Text Links / Note / Discussion Questions

- Portraits (11) of the Founders in a transitional era, 1780-early 1790s
- Commentary on the death of Benjamin Franklin, 1790





Images:
– Articles of Confederation, approved 15 November 1777 by the Continental Congress, p. 1 (detail). Courtesy of the U.S. National Archives.
– U.S. Constitution, approved 7 September 1787 by the Constitutional Convention, p. 1 (detail). Courtesy of the U.S. National Archives.
– Two illustrations in "Federal Pillar" series published by the Massachusetts Centinel with reports of states' ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division: 16 Jan. 1788: LC-USZ62-45589; 2 August 1788: LC-USZ62-45591.
Federal Hall, The Seat of Congress, depicting the inauguration of George Washington, 30 April 1789, Federal Hall, New York City; 1790 drawing by Peter Lacour and engraving by Amos Doolittle; 2000 photograph of engraving in the private collection of Louis Alan Talley, Washington, DC (detail). Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-USZC4-7831 DLC.
– Document listing twelve amendments proposed by Congress to the states, 25 September 1789 (details). Courtesy of the U.S. National Archives.





CONSTITUTION
1. Abandoning the Articles  2. Creating a New Constitution
3. Promoting the Constitution  4. Opposing the Constitution
5. Adding a Bill of Rights  6. Inaugurating a Government
7. Portraying the Founders




TOOLBOX: Making the Revolution: America, 1763-1791
Crisis | Rebellion | War | Independence | Constitution



Contact Us | Site Guide | Search


Toolbox Library: Primary Resources in U.S. History and Literature
National Humanities Center
Web site comments and questions, contact: lmorgan@nationalhumanitiescenter.org
Copyright © National Humanities Center. All rights reserved.
Revised: March 2011
nationalhumanitiescenter.org